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“All fluid milk products and many foods made from milk are considered part of [the dairy] food group... Foods made from milk that retain their calcium content are part of the group. Foods made from milk that have little to no calcium, such as cream c... |
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Alexander, D. D., et al. (2015). "Dairy consumption and CVD: A systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Nutrition 115(4): 737-750. - “Several statistically significant SRRE below 1.0 were observed, namely for total dairy intake and st... |
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Huth PJ, Park KM. Influence of dairy product and milk fat consumption on cardiovascular disease risk: a review of the evidence. Adv Nutr. 2012 May 1;3(3):266-85. doi: 10.3945/an.112.002030. Review. PubMed PMID: 22585901; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3649... |
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Small difference in compliance can have big effect |
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Soerensen KV, Thorning TK, Astrup A, Kristensen M, Lorenzen JK. Effect of dairy calcium from cheese and milk on fecal fat excretion, blood lipids, and appetite in young men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014;99(5):984–991. doi:10.3945/... |
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Sun J, Buys N. Effects of probiotics consumption on lowering lipids and CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Med. 2015;47(6):430-40. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1071872. Epub 2015 Sep 4. Review. ... |
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Labonté MČ, Couture P, Richard C, Desroches S, Lamarche B. Impact of dairy products on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review of randomized controlled nutritional intervention studies in overweight and obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr... |
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Michael Miller literature Static measure of dynamic event |
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Number of calories in a perfect diet? |
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Controlled feeding studies |
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Measuring this can be a challenge. |
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Drouin-Chartier, J. P., Brassard, D., Tessier-Grenier, M., Cote, J. A., Labonte, M. E., Desroches, S., . . . Lamarche, B. (2016). Systematic Review of the Association between Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular-Related Clinical Outco... |
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One serving of cheese a day two servings LF and NF dairy Derkach A, Sampson J, Joseph J, Playdon MC, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ. Effects of dietary sodium on metabolites: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Sodium Feeding Study. Am J Clin... |
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Replacing saturated fat from Dairy with saturated fat APO it changes nature of LDL Brassard D, Tessier-Grenier M, Allaire J, et al. Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled tria... |
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Machin DR, Park W, Alkatan M, Mouton M, Tanaka H. Hypotensive effects of solitary addition of conventional nonfat dairy products to the routine diet: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):80-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.085761. E... |
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Meta analyses exist |
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Astrup finds no difference between full fat cheese vs. low fat on LDL. Raziani F, Tholstrup T, Kristensen MD, et al. High intake of regular-fat cheese compared with reduced-fat cheese does not affect LDL cholesterol or risk markers of the metabolic ... |
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Some studies use artificially produced tFA (e.g. CLA, tVA) or natural enrichment of beef/dairy. |
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Turnover of LDL is two days Sun J, Buys N. Effects of probiotics consumption on lowering lipids and CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Med. 2015;47(6):430-40. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2015.10718... |
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Whelton, P. K., et al. (1997). "Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials." Journal of the American Medical Association 277(20): 1624-1632. (potassium generally; not dairy specifically) McGr... |
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Yang T, Zubcevic J. Gut–Brain Axis in Regulation of Blood Pressure. Frontiers in Physiology. 2017;8. doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00845; PMCID: PMC5661004 |
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Statin intolerance example. |
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Magarey, A., et al. (2015). "Evaluation of tools used to measure calcium and/or dairy consumption in adults." Public Health Nutr 18(7): 1225-1236. Mente 2009 footnote to Table 2 “We could not differentiate between low vs high-fat milk intake becaus... |
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Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in Diet and Lifestyle and Long-Term Weight Gain in Women and Men. New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;364(25):2392–2404. doi:10.1056/nejmoa1014296, PMID: 21696306 Stonehouse W, Wycherley T,... |
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Not enough information about what kinds of dairy foods are being substituted in the substitution modeling studies. For example, Vitamin D content. |
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Are there studies of HF yogurt with blood pressure lowering effect? |
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Barnard ND, Willett WC, Ding EL. The Misuse of Meta-analysis in Nutrition Research. JAMA. 2017;318(15):1435. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12083; PMID: 28975260 |
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Adipose tissue biopsy 1: Pasiakos SM, Agarwal S, Lieberman HR, Fulgoni VL 3rd. Sources and Amounts of Animal, Dairy, and Plant Protein Intake of US Adults in 2007-2010. Nutrients. 2015 Aug 21;7(8):7058-69. doi: 10.3390/nu7085322. PubMed PMID: 263080... |
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Dumas, A. A., Lapointe, A., Dugrenier, M., Provencher, V., Lamarche, B., & Desroches, S. (2017). A systematic review of the effect of yogurt consumption on chronic diseases risk markers in adults. Eur J Nutr, 56(4), 1375-1392. doi:10.1007/s00394-016-... |
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Shikany JM, Vaughan LK, Baskin ML, Cope MB, Hill JO, Allison DB. Is Dietary Fat “Fattening”? A Comprehensive Research Synthesis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2010;50(8):699–715. doi:10.1080/10408398.2010.491057. |
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Evolution of lactose tolerance |
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1: Mozaffarian D. Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Circulation. 2016 Jan 12;133(2):187-225. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018585. Review. PubMed PMID: 26746178; PubMed Central ... |
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What are the food swaps that are happening? |
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Phillips SM, Zemel MB. Effect of protein, dairy components and energy balance in optimizing body composition. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2011;69:97-108; discussion 108-13. doi: 10.1159/000329288. Epub 2012 Jan 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 22301838. ... |
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Effect only in men from 1% milk, yogurt, and cheese Drouin-Chartier JP, Gigleux I, Tremblay AJ, Poirier L, Lamarche B, Couture P. Impact of dairy consumption on essential hypertension: a clinical study. Nutr J. 2014 Aug 14;13:83. doi: 10.1186/1475-2... |
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See references in the paper for Phase 2 for the 26 systematic reviews provided before arriving. These include RCTs, are not necessarily all RCTs, and may have only been reviewed but not meta-analyzed. But, together, these may include most RCTs to inf... |
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Drouin-Chartier, J. P., Brassard, D., Tessier-Grenier, M., Cote, J. A., Labonte, M. E., Desroches, S., . . . Lamarche, B. (2016). Systematic Review of the Association between Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular-Related Clinical Outco... |
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No reviews on improving weight status in older populations. |
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1. Turner KM, Keogh JB, Clifton PM. Dairy consumption and insulin sensitivity: A systematic review of short- and long-term intervention studies. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2015;25(1):3–8. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.07.013; PMID... |
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Key J, Cantarero A, Cohen D, Conn C, Cerami J. The Dairy Fat Paradox: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Topics in Clinical Nutrition. 2016;31(4):280-295. |
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Consider the range of insulin sensitivity in lean people |
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LDL not part of the equation. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk. doi: 10.1161/?01.cir.0000437741.48606.98. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in A... |
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1. Mente A, de Koning L, Shannon HS, Anand SS. A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease. Archives of internal medicine. 2009;169(7):659-69. Epub 2009/04/15. doi: 10.10... |
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Beno??t Lamarche (2008) Review of the Effect of Dairy Products on Non- Lipid Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 27:6, 741S-746S, DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719752 |
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Consumption of full-fat dairy products, in part because of their saturated fat levels, should be kept to a minimum for the purposes of reducing the risks of heart disease |
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Swiss cheese: low in sodium, high in saturated fat |
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